Asteroid 2005YU55

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A Potential City Killer, But Not on This Year's Pass

This page is about a near earth crossing asteroid.  It is about 400 m in diameter and will pass about 324,605 km (201,700 miles) from Earth's surface (this is between 50 and 51 Earth radi).  Although it is very unlikely that this will hit the Earth this time (November 11th, 2011) as predicting orbital trajectories is just Kepler's law, it may hit on a later pass.  It's semi-major axis is about 1.06 A.U. and its period is about 1.10 years.  This orbit takes it inside Venus' at perihelion and out to Mars' aphelion.  Due to perturbations of the planets, the orbit will deviate slightly from Kepler's law over time.  That is becasue this is not really a two body problem anymore.  If this asteroid were to hit Earth, the size of the impact crater would be about 4.4 km.  See below for work.

 

D = 2*ρm.11*ρp-1/3*gp-.22*R.13*Ek.22*sin1/3θ

 

This formula is derived from empirical results [Planetary Sciences Imke de Pater and Jack J. Lissauer second edition page 180].  It gives the diameter of the impact crater.

ρm is the planet density = 3500 kg/m3

ρp is the asteroid density = 2080 kg/m3 (assumed to be this-stone with some gaps)

gp is the surface gravity = 9.81 m/s2

R is the radius of the asteroid (assumed to be spherical) = 200 m

Ek is the kinetic energy of the impactor (2*π*R3*ρm*v2/3) = 3.485*1018 J

v is the impactor velocity = 10000 m/s (typical impactor speed is assumed)

θ is the impact angle = 90o (assumed to give maximum crater diameter)

 

The rule of ten (the diameter impact crater is about 10 times greater than the diameter of the impactor indicates the result should be about 4 km). 

Answer using formula: 4.4 km 

 

A Purdue simulation yields a transient crater diameter of 3.7 km and a final crater diameter of 4.41 km (I'm going to apply to Purdue for their Physics Doctoral Program).  The orbit is shown below (image taken from a page that I co-authored at ArkCode.com).  Damage from such an impact would be severe along coastal areas if it hit the ocean or effect a few states if it hit land in the US. It does not have the potential to destroy civilization, but it could be a city killer. The relevant courses used to come to this conclusion at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University are EP393 (Spaceflight Dynamics) and EP420 (Planetary Science).